Course Description: Interconnectedness of Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere systems and how energy drives material flux and cycling within and between the different Earth systems. Processes, interactions, and feedback within the Earth's systems and how these earth systems are impacted by anthropogenic activities.

Prerequisite(s): GEL 050 or EPS 050; GEL 050L or EPS 050L; CHE 002A or CHE 002AH or CHE 004A; CHE 002B or CHE 002BH or CHE 004B.

Course Description: Practical, quantitative and analytical skills that pertain to material fluxes and cycling in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere that constitute the Earth’s interconnected systems.

Prerequisite(s): EPS 100 (can be concurrent).

Course Description: Fundamental principles of seismic wave propagation, earthquake source mechanics, and the structure of the Earth's interior. Stress and strain, body and surface waves, seismic ray theory, earthquake location methods, magnitude scales, and seismic tomography. Theoretical concepts and practical applications in observational seismology. Seismological methods used to study earthquakes, Earth structure, and other geohazards.

Prerequisite(s): (MAT 017A or MAT 019A or MAT 021A); (MAT 017B or MAT 019B or MAT 021B); MAT 022A recommended; ECS 032A or PHY 040 or equivalent python programming course recommended.